TURKEY / SALARY

SALARY SURVEYS

1,369

UPDATED
December 2023
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AVERAGE SALARY / YEAR

MOST TYPICAL SALARY / YEAR

Gross income

Net (after tax)

26.94 TRY = 1 USD

1,255,851 TRY

$46,623 USD

Istanbul

1,333,023 TRY

457,917 TRY

$17,000 USD

Including "Istanbul"

Excluding "Istanbul"

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Average Salary / Turkey

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Average salary in Turkey is 1,255,851 TRY per year. The most typical earning is 457,917 TRY. All data are based on 1,369 salary surveys. Salaries are different between men and women. Men receive an average salary of 1,290,249 TRY. Women receive a salary of 1,072,064 TRY.

The most paid careers are Management & Business with average income 1,952,882 TRY and Law with income 1,810,119 TRY.

Based on education, the highest salaries receive people with Bellow H. School with salary of 1,551,531 TRY. The second most paid education level is Doctorate Degree with salary of 1,492,271 TRY.

Different experiences affect earning as well. People with 16-20 Years of experience receive salary of 2,041,771 TRY. Employees with 20+ Years of experience receive 1,764,327 TRY.

Levels / Turkey (Gross TRY)

Salary Levels (TRY) per Year	Surveys	[%]
80,800 TRY - 134,699 TRY	0	n/a
134,700 TRY - 269,299 TRY	38	100% 2.78%
269,400 TRY - 403,999 TRY	120	97.22% 8.77%
THE MOST TYPICAL SALARY
404,000 TRY - 538,699 TRY	150	88.46% 10.96%
538,700 TRY - 673,399 TRY	137	77.5% 10.01%
673,400 TRY - 808,099 TRY	126	67.49% 9.2%
808,100 TRY - 942,699 TRY	116	58.29% 8.47%
942,800 TRY - 1,077,399 TRY	95	49.82% 6.94%
1,077,500 TRY - 1,212,099 TRY	81	42.88% 5.92%
1,212,100 TRY - 1,346,799 TRY	83	36.96% 6.06%
1,346,800 TRY - 1,481,499 TRY	56	30.9% 4.09%
1,481,500 TRY - 1,616,199 TRY	44	26.81% 3.21%
1,616,200 TRY - 1,750,799 TRY	36	23.59% 2.63%
1,750,900 TRY - 1,885,499 TRY	44	20.96% 3.21%
1,885,500 TRY - 2,020,199 TRY	26	17.75% 1.9%
2,020,200 TRY - 2,154,899 TRY	28	15.85% 2.05%
2,154,900 TRY - 2,289,599 TRY	31	13.81% 2.26%
2,289,600 TRY - 2,424,199 TRY	14	11.54% 1.02%
2,424,300 TRY - 2,558,899 TRY	12	10.52% 0.88%
2,558,900 TRY - 2,693,599 TRY	20	9.64% 1.46%
2,693,600 TRY - 2,828,299 TRY	11	8.18% 0.8%
2,828,300 TRY - 2,962,999 TRY	12	7.38% 0.88%
2,963,000 TRY - 3,097,599 TRY	10	6.5% 0.73%
3,097,700 TRY - 3,232,299 TRY	4	5.77% 0.29%
3,232,400 TRY - 3,366,999 TRY	6	5.48% 0.44%
3,367,000 TRY - 3,501,699 TRY	8	5.04% 0.58%
3,501,700 TRY - 3,636,399 TRY	6	4.46% 0.44%
3,636,400 TRY - 3,771,099 TRY	9	4.02% 0.66%
3,771,100 TRY - 3,905,699 TRY	7	3.36% 0.51%
3,905,800 TRY - 4,040,399 TRY	8	2.85% 0.58%
HIGH SALARIES
4,040,400 TRY - 4,309,799 TRY	5	2.26% 0.37%
4,309,800 TRY - 4,579,099 TRY	6	1.9% 0.44%
4,579,200 TRY - 4,848,499 TRY	2	1.46% 0.15%
4,848,500 TRY - 5,117,899 TRY	2	1.31% 0.15%
5,117,900 TRY - 5,387,199 TRY	1	1.17% 0.07%
5,387,300 TRY - 5,656,599 TRY	2	1.1% 0.15%
5,656,600 TRY - 5,925,999 TRY	1	0.95% 0.07%
5,926,000 TRY - 6,195,299 TRY	4	0.88% 0.29%
6,195,400 TRY - 6,464,699 TRY	0	n/a
6,464,700 TRY - 6,733,999 TRY	0	n/a
6,734,100 TRY - 9,427,699 TRY	8	0.58% 0.58%

Gender / Turkey (Gross TRY)

#		Surveys		AVERAGE SALARY / YEAR
1	Men	1,072	1,290,249 TRY
2	Women	251	1,072,064 TRY

Education / Turkey (Gross TRY)

#		Surveys
1	Bellow H. School	9	1,551,531 TRY
2	Doctorate Degree	81	1,492,271 TRY
3	Masters Degree	441	1,433,011 TRY
4	Bachelors Degree	739	1,171,729 TRY
5	High School	37	902,366 TRY
6	Some College	62	861,961 TRY

Experience / Turkey (Gross TRY)

#		Surveys
1	16-20 Years	151	2,041,771 TRY
2	20+ Years	143	1,764,327 TRY
3	12-16 Years	185	1,551,531 TRY
4	8-12 Years	300	1,338,734 TRY
5	4-8 Years	269	969,706 TRY
6	2-4 Years	154	703,037 TRY
7	1-2 Years	91	622,228 TRY
8	0-1 Year	76	584,517 TRY

Age / Turkey (Gross TRY)

#		Surveys
1	51-55	32	2,367,701 TRY
2	56-60	14	2,268,036 TRY
3	46-50	88	1,885,541 TRY
4	41-45	148	1,740,085 TRY
5	36-40	266	1,468,028 TRY
6	n/a	46	1,454,560 TRY
7	61-65	3	1,427,624 TRY
8	14-20	5	1,252,538 TRY
9	31-35	352	1,169,035 TRY
10	66-70	2	961,626 TRY
11	71-75	1	810,782 TRY
12	26-30	297	802,701 TRY
13	21-25	115	589,905 TRY

Work Type / Turkey (Gross TRY)

#		Surveys
1	Permanent	1,118	1,306,410 TRY
2	Contract	182	1,074,758 TRY
3	Self Employed	43	999,336 TRY
4	Part Time	26	767,684 TRY

Cities / Turkey (Gross TRY)

#		Surveys
1	Van	1	3,216,194 TRY
2	Istanbul	981	1,333,347 TRY
3	Antalya	24	1,225,601 TRY
4	--Other--	19	1,171,729 TRY
5	Izmir	106	1,112,469 TRY
6	Ankara	137	1,066,677 TRY
7	Mersin	6	1,061,290 TRY
8	Malatya	1	1,047,822 TRY
9	Konya	4	1,037,047 TRY
10	Diyarbakir	1	1,031,660 TRY
11	Samsun	7	996,643 TRY
12	Bursa	31	975,094 TRY
13	Adapazari	9	940,077 TRY
14	Gaziantep	7	913,140 TRY
15	Adana	13	902,366 TRY
16	Eskisehir	12	845,799 TRY
17	Erzurum	2	729,973 TRY
18	Kayseri	3	635,696 TRY
19	Denizli	4	595,292 TRY
20	Elazig	1	363,640 TRY

Career Groups / Turkey (Gross TRY)

#		Surveys
1	Management & Business	247	1,952,882 TRY
2	Law	11	1,810,119 TRY
3	Manufacturing & Labor Workers	20	1,564,999 TRY
4	Military	5	1,430,317 TRY
5	Logistics, Road, Railway	29	1,414,156 TRY
6	Health Care & Medical	40	1,346,815 TRY
7	Hotels & Tourism	27	1,336,040 TRY
8	Engineers & Technicians III	5	1,282,168 TRY
9	Finance & Banking	76	1,271,393 TRY
10	Construction & Labor Workers	9	1,257,925 TRY
11	Salesmen & Saleswomen	36	1,233,682 TRY
12	Accounting & Administration	48	1,158,261 TRY
13	Aviation & Shipping	21	1,147,486 TRY
14	Media	12	1,136,712 TRY
15	Human Resources	71	1,134,018 TRY
16	Properties & Real Estates	5	1,134,018 TRY
17	Marketing, Sales, Purchase	124	1,131,324 TRY
18	Automobile	7	1,096,307 TRY
19	Geography & Geodesy	4	1,096,307 TRY
20	IT & Programming II	62	1,088,226 TRY
21	Fashion	3	1,080,145 TRY
22	IT & Programming	168	1,074,758 TRY
23	Engineers & Technicians IV	19	1,047,822 TRY
24	Health Care & Medical II	9	1,012,805 TRY
25	Engineers & Technicians	143	993,949 TRY
26	Engineers & Technicians V	11	945,464 TRY
27	Public Sector	5	942,770 TRY
28	Insurance	3	915,834 TRY
29	Arts, Culture, Performance	4	875,429 TRY
30	Making Design	11	856,574 TRY
31	Organization & Coordination	17	853,880 TRY
32	Architect Constructions	29	851,187 TRY
33	Engineers & Technicians II	4	840,412 TRY
34	Education & University	56	800,008 TRY
35	Customer Services	14	654,552 TRY
36	Restaurants, Inns, Pubs	6	630,309 TRY
37	Sports & Recreation	1	514,483 TRY
38	Archaeology & History	1	428,287 TRY
39	Agriculture & Fishing	3	417,512 TRY
40	Security & Fireguard	3	371,721 TRY

Careers / Turkey (Gross TRY)

#		Surveys
1	CEO	12	3,763,001 TRY
2	General Manager	33	3,070,738 TRY
3	Director	51	2,596,659 TRY
4	Risk Manager	8	2,063,320 TRY
5	Account Manager	8	1,874,766 TRY
6	Manufacturing	13	1,783,183 TRY
7	Engineering Manager	16	1,780,489 TRY
8	Technical Manager	11	1,756,247 TRY
9	Logistics Manager	18	1,643,114 TRY
10	Other Tourism Career	9	1,575,773 TRY
11	Lead Developer	7	1,567,692 TRY
12	Doctor Specialist	19	1,564,999 TRY
13	Finance Manager	19	1,562,305 TRY
14	Project Manager	13	1,559,612 TRY
15	IT Manager	29	1,551,531 TRY
16	Manager	48	1,478,803 TRY
17	IT Project Manager	21	1,411,462 TRY
18	Operations Manager	16	1,389,913 TRY
19	Other Sales Career	11	1,365,670 TRY
20	Human Resources Manager	40	1,354,896 TRY
21	Software Engineer	16	1,352,202 TRY
22	Sales Manager	36	1,330,653 TRY
23	Marketing Manager	23	1,311,798 TRY
24	University Professor	20	1,225,601 TRY
25	Marketing Executive	7	1,212,133 TRY
26	Business Development Manager	16	1,185,197 TRY
27	Salesmen or Saleswomen	13	1,185,197 TRY
28	Web Developer	8	1,163,648 TRY
29	CPA - Certified Public Accountant	8	1,152,873 TRY
30	Civil Engineer	10	1,147,486 TRY
31	Electrical Engineer Lead	6	1,139,405 TRY
32	Other Automobile Career	7	1,096,307 TRY
33	Other Finance Career	12	1,028,966 TRY
34	Other Human Resource Career	11	1,012,805 TRY
35	Other Engineer Career	10	1,012,805 TRY
36	Financial Analyst	7	1,012,805 TRY
37	C, C++ Developer	9	1,007,417 TRY
38	Banks	8	988,562 TRY
39	Business Manager	8	923,915 TRY
40	Mechanical Engineer Lead	7	923,915 TRY
41	Other Management Career	13	918,528 TRY
42	Human Resource	11	886,204 TRY
43	Java Developer	7	853,880 TRY
44	Product Manager	11	851,187 TRY
45	Engineer	46	837,719 TRY
46	Doctor	13	826,944 TRY
47	Mechanical Engineer	16	802,701 TRY
48	Research Engineer	13	802,701 TRY
49	Software Developer	40	786,540 TRY
50	.NET Developer	9	783,846 TRY
51	Architect	26	767,684 TRY
52	Sales Executives	9	729,973 TRY
53	Electrical Engineer	19	700,343 TRY
54	Accountant	8	651,858 TRY
55	University Professor Assistant	7	597,985 TRY
56	Human Resource Administrator	8	587,211 TRY
57	PHP Developer	7	517,177 TRY
58	Lecturer	8	509,096 TRY

People's individual salary examples (surveys)

Sales Area Manager

Posted 18 November 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Heating and cooling expertise."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Izmir	Bachelors Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	865,000 TRY

General Manager

Posted 22 August 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"IT, telecoms."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	2,517,000 TRY

Backoffice Officer

Posted 22 August 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Technical investigation and resolution of customer problems that could not be solved in the first place."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Adana	Bachelors Degree	0-1 Year	Basic	235,800 TRY

Piping

Posted 21 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Material."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	12-16 Years	Expert	1,546,400 TRY

Factory Manager

Posted 21 July 2023

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	2-4 Years	Advanced	519,100 TRY

General Manager

Posted 20 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"General management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	12-16 Years	Advanced	2,899,600 TRY

Ress. Asst. Dr.

Posted 19 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Social science."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
--Other--	Doctorate Degree	4-8 Years	Expert	721,700 TRY

Business Owner

Posted 19 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Business management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	8-12 Years	Expert	692,100 TRY

Artist

Posted 17 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Making art for exhibition and sales."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	0-1 Year	Intermediate	898,800 TRY

Design Manager

Posted 14 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Design management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	12-16 Years	Expert	1,546,400 TRY

E Commerce Sales Manager

Posted 13 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Integration to marketplaces, account management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	4-8 Years	Intermediate	1,252,600 TRY

Digital Marketing Executive

Posted 12 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Google Ads, Meta Ads."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Antalya	Bachelors Degree	4-8 Years	Expert	1,031,000 TRY

Business Development Manager

Posted 22 May 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Business Development activities."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	4-8 Years	Advanced	1,129,400 TRY

Emergency Nurse

Posted 19 May 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Nursing."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Eskisehir	Bachelors Degree	4-8 Years	Intermediate	415,200 TRY

Linux System Administrator

Posted 19 May 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"System Management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	1-2 Years	Advanced	408,300 TRY

Sales And Marketing General Manager

Posted 19 May 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Master of International Trade."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	3,391,100 TRY

Prof

Posted 17 May 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Engineering faculty."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Adana	Doctorate Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	697,600 TRY

Finance Manager

Posted 28 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Reporting, accounting, finance, IFRS."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	8-12 Years	Expert	1,106,800 TRY

Technical Director

Posted 13 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Construction sector, management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	16-20 Years	Advanced	1,154,200 TRY

Export Specialist

Posted 10 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Export, import, purchase, sales."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	12-16 Years	Expert	384,700 TRY

Agricultural Operation Director

Posted 10 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Agricultural experience."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	12-16 Years	Expert	1,615,900 TRY

Radiology Assistant

Posted 07 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Radiology assistant."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Ankara	Masters Degree	0-1 Year	Advanced	222,000 TRY

Marketing Manager

Posted 02 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Marketing Strategist, Marketing Director."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Doctorate Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	2,692,900 TRY

Captain

Posted 01 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"To pilot aircraft."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Antalya	Bachelors Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	2,962,200 TRY

Senior Cloud Solution Architect

Posted 01 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Cloud, Telco."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	8-12 Years	Expert	866,400 TRY

Development Leader

Posted 30 August 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Leader engineer."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Bursa	Bachelors Degree	4-8 Years	Advanced	414,400 TRY

General Manager

Posted 27 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Sales & Aftersales management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	16-20 Years	Advanced	1,830,700 TRY

Golang

Posted 25 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Golang developer."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	1-2 Years	Intermediate	1,271,600 TRY

It Director

Posted 24 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Airline business, Project & Program Management, Business Analysis."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	16-20 Years	Advanced	2,902,000 TRY

Sales Manager

Posted 22 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Sales expert, pricing, yield management, customer care and loyalty within marketing coordination and yearly strategic plan."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	High School	16-20 Years	Expert	1,377,500 TRY

Electrical Automotive Engineer

Posted 20 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"R&D Electrical Engineer."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Expert	1,238,200 TRY

Sales Manger

Posted 18 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Sales."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Advanced	773,900 TRY

Regional Sales Manager

Posted 17 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Managing sales, team and building overall regional strategy."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	8-12 Years	Expert	1,470,300 TRY

Business Development Senior Specialist

Posted 15 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Sales, inside sales, business development, social media, crm."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	8-12 Years	Advanced	629,500 TRY

Chief

Posted 14 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Security."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Ankara	Masters Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	3,771,100 TRY

Shopowner

Posted 11 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"I sell eggs and milks."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	High School	1-2 Years	Advanced	699,900 TRY

Production Manager

Posted 17 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"To manage production activities."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Bursa	Masters Degree	8-12 Years	Advanced	921,700 TRY

Senior Structural Eng.

Posted 12 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Design and analysis."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Advanced	395,000 TRY

Head Housekeeper

Posted 10 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Supervisor of all room attendants maintain ample standards in all hotel guest rooms."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	1-2 Years	Advanced	969,700 TRY

Managing Director

Posted 09 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Company management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Doctorate Degree	12-16 Years	Expert	1,580,100 TRY

Senior Developer

Posted 30 May 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Develop."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Izmir	Some College	8-12 Years	Expert	484,900 TRY

Financial Planner

Posted 30 May 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Budget planning, financial projection plans."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	2-4 Years	Intermediate	438,300 TRY

Head Of Advisory Services

Posted 25 May 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Financial analysis, transfer pricing reporting, sustainability assurance services, M&A support."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	723,200 TRY

Commercial Director

Posted 15 April 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"SALES AND MARKETING."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Some College	12-16 Years	Advanced	1,256,500 TRY

Accountant

Posted 15 April 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Skills accounting."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	1-2 Years	Intermediate	484,900 TRY

Hr Manager

Posted 07 April 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Legislation."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Izmir	Masters Degree	8-12 Years	Expert	1,053,100 TRY

Audit Manager

Posted 07 April 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Accounting and ecomomics."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Bachelors Degree	2-4 Years	Advanced	916,200 TRY

Production Manager

Posted 07 April 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Wire production."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	1,170,100 TRY

Mechanical Engineer

Posted 06 April 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Engineer."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Izmir	Bachelors Degree	8-12 Years	Expert	780,100 TRY

Researcher

Posted 26 March 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Teaching."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Istanbul	Masters Degree	1-2 Years	Advanced	351,000 TRY

ECONOMY / Turkey

The economy in the Turkey is developed and part of the IMF - International Monetary Fund. The largest industrial sectors in the country are textiles, ships and vehicles building, transportation equipment, army industry, and steel-iron industry. The largest service sectors are transport, communications, finance, and tourism. Private sector in the Turkey is growing very fast in the recent years.

The largest companies are Garanti Garanti Bankasi, Türkiye Is Bankasi, Koç Holding, Akbank, Sabanci Holding, Halk Bankasi, Vakifbank, and Turk Telekom.